PGSQL on PIGSTY

概念

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

PGSQL 模块总览：关键概念与架构细节

PGSQL模块在生产环境中以集群的形式组织，这些集群是由一组由主-备关联的数据库实例组成的逻辑实体。每个数据库集群都是一个自治的业务服务单元，由至少一个 数据库（主库）实例 组成。

架构

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

组件概览

以下是 PostgreSQL 模块组件及其相互作用的详细描述，从上至下分别为：

集群 DNS 由 infra 节点上的 DNSMASQ 负责解析
集群 VIP 由 vip-manager 组件管理，它负责将 pg_vip_address 绑定到集群主库节点上。
- vip-manager 从 etcd 集群获取由 patroni 写入的集群领导者信息
集群服务由节点上的 Haproxy 对外暴露，不同服务通过节点的不同端口（543x）区分。
- Haproxy 端口 9101：监控指标 & 统计 & 管理页面
- Haproxy 端口 5433：默认路由至主 pgbouncer：读写服务
- Haproxy 端口 5434：默认路由至从库 pgbouncer：只读服务
- Haproxy 端口 5436：默认路由至主 postgres：默认服务
- Haproxy 端口 5438：默认路由至离线 postgres：离线服务
- HAProxy 将根据 patroni 提供的健康检查信息路由流量。
Pgbouncer 是一个连接池中间件，默认监听6432端口，可以缓冲连接、暴露额外的指标，并提供额外的灵活性。
- Pgbouncer 是无状态的，并通过本地 Unix 套接字以 1:1 的方式与 Postgres 服务器部署。
- 生产流量（主/从）将默认通过 pgbouncer（可以通过pg_default_service_dest指定跳过）
- 默认/离线服务将始终绕过 pgbouncer ，并直接连接到目标 Postgres。
PostgreSQL 监听5432端口，提供关系型数据库服务
- 在多个节点上安装 PGSQL 模块，并使用同一集群名，将自动基于流式复制组成高可用集群
- PostgreSQL 进程默认由 patroni 管理。
Patroni 默认监听端口 8008，监管着 PostgreSQL 服务器进程
- Patroni 将 Postgres 服务器作为子进程启动
- Patroni 使用 etcd 作为 DCS：存储配置、故障检测和领导者选举。
- Patroni 通过健康检查提供 Postgres 信息（比如主/从），HAProxy 通过健康检查使用该信息分发服务流量
- Patroni 指标将被 infra 节点上的 Prometheus 抓取
PG Exporter 在 9630 端口对外暴露 postgres 架空指标
- PostgreSQL 指标将被 infra 节点上的 Prometheus 抓取
Pgbouncer Exporter 在端口 9631 暴露 pgbouncer 指标
- Pgbouncer 指标将被 infra 节点上的 Prometheus 抓取
pgBackRest 默认在使用本地备份仓库（pgbackrest_method = local）
- 如果使用 local（默认）作为备份仓库，pgBackRest 将在主库节点的pg_fs_bkup 下创建本地仓库
- 如果使用 minio 作为备份仓库，pgBackRest 将在专用的 MinIO 集群上创建备份仓库：pgbackrest_repo.minio
Postgres 相关日志（postgres, pgbouncer, patroni, pgbackrest）由 promtail 负责收集
- Promtail 监听 9080 端口，也对 infra 节点上的 Prometheus 暴露自身的监控指标
- Promtail 将日志发送至 infra 节点上的 Loki

用户/角色

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在这里的上下文中，用户指的是使用 SQL 命令 CREATE USER/ROLE 创建的，数据库集簇内的逻辑对象。

在PostgreSQL中，用户直接隶属于数据库集簇而非某个具体的数据库。因此在创建业务数据库和业务用户时，应当遵循"先用户，后数据库"的原则。

数据库

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在这里的上下文中，数据库指的是使用 SQL 命令 CREATE DATABASE 创建的，数据库集簇内的逻辑对象。

一组 PostgreSQL 服务器可以同时服务于多个 数据库 （Database）。在 Pigsty 中，你可以在集群配置中定义好所需的数据库。

服务/接入

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分离读写操作，正确路由流量，稳定可靠地交付 PostgreSQL 集群提供的能力。

服务是一种抽象：它是数据库集群对外提供能力的形式，并封装了底层集群的细节。

服务对于生产环境中的稳定接入至关重要，在高可用集群自动故障时方显其价值，单机用户通常不需要操心这个概念。

单机用户

“服务” 的概念是给生产环境用的，个人用户/单机集群可以不折腾，直接拿实例名/IP地址访问数据库。

扩展插件

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

扩展是 PostgreSQL 的灵魂所在

Pigsty 收录了255 个预先编译打包、开箱即用的 PostgreSQL 强力扩展插件，其中包括一些强力扩展：

PostGIS：提供地理空间数据类型与索引支持，GIS 事实标准（& pgPointCloud 点云，pgRouting 寻路）
TimescaleDB：添加时间序列/持续聚合/分布式/列存储/自动压缩的能力
PGVector：添加 AI 向量/嵌入数据类型支持，以及 ivfflat 与 hnsw 向量索引。（& pg_sparse 稀疏向量支持）
Citus：将经典的主从PG集群原地改造为水平分片的分布式数据库集群。
Hydra：添加列式存储与分析能力，提供比肩 ClickHouse 的强力分析能力。
ParadeDB：添加 ElasticSearch 水准的全文搜索能力与混合检索的能力。（& zhparser 中文分词）
Apache AGE：图数据库扩展，为 PostgreSQL 添加类 Neo4J 的 OpenCypher 查询支持，
PG GraphQL：为 PostgreSQL 添加原生内建的 GraphQL 查询语言支持。
DuckDB FDW：允许您通过 PostgreSQL 直接读写强力的嵌入式分析数据库 DuckDB 文件（& DuckDB CLI 本体）。
Supabase：基于 PostgreSQL 的开源的 Firebase 替代，提供完整的应用开发存储解决方案。
FerretDB：基于 PostgreSQL 的开源 MongoDB 替代，兼容 MongoDB API / 驱动协议。
PostgresML：使用SQL完成经典机器学习算法，调用、部署、训练 AI 模型。

认证 / HBA

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Pigsty 中基于主机的身份认证 HBA（Host-Based Authentication）详解。

认证是访问控制与权限系统的基石，PostgreSQL拥有多种认证方法。

这里主要介绍 HBA：Host Based Authentication，HBA规则定义了哪些用户能够通过哪些方式从哪些地方访问哪些数据库。

集群配置

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

根据需求场景选择合适的实例与集群类型，配置出满足需求的 PostgreSQL 数据库集群。

您可以定义不同类型的实例和集群，下面是 Pigsty 中常见的几种 PostgreSQL 实例/集群类型：

读写主库：定义单一实例集群。
只读从库：定义具有一个主库和一个副本的基本HA集群。
离线从库：定义专用于OLAP/ETL/交互式查询的实例
同步备库：启用同步提交以确保没有数据丢失。
法定人数提交：使用多数同步提交获得更高的一致性级别。
备份集群：克隆现有集群并跟随它
延迟集群：克隆现有集群用于紧急数据恢复
Citus集群：定义一个Citus分布式数据库集群
大版本切换：使用不同的PostgreSQL大版本

读写主库

我们从最简单的情况开始：由一个主库（Primary）组成的单实例集群：

使用 PostgreSQL 作为 Ansible 配置清单 CMDB

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Pigsty v2.7 默认从 pigsty.yml 读取 Ansible 配置清单。该版本同时提供了三个脚本，可以将清单载入 meta 数据库的 pigsty 模式，并让 Ansible 改用动态生成的清单。

本文严格对应 v2.7.0 标签中的 bin/inventory_load、 bin/inventory_cmdb 与 bin/inventory_conf。

前置条件

默认 pg-meta 集群会通过 files/cmdb.sql 创建 CMDB 模式。请先完成 infra.yml 与 pg-meta 数据库初始化，并确认 meta 服务可访问。

剧本

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PostgreSQL 剧本

Pigsty提供了一系列剧本，用于集群上下线扩缩容，用户/数据库管理，监控或迁移已有实例。

pgsql.yml ：初始化PostgreSQL集群或添加新的从库。
pgsql-rm.yml ：移除PostgreSQL集群，或移除某个实例
pgsql-user.yml ：在现有的PostgreSQL集群中添加新的业务用户
pgsql-db.yml ：在现有的PostgreSQL集群中添加新的业务数据库
pgsql-monitor.yml ：将远程postgres实例纳入监控中
pgsql-migration.yml ：为现有的PostgreSQL集群生成迁移手册和脚本

保护机制

使用 PGSQL 剧本时需要特别注意，剧本 pgsql.yml 与 pgsql-rm.yml 使用不当会有误删数据库的风险！

扩展列表

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Pigsty 提供了丰富的 PostgreSQL 扩展插件支持，包括 230 个 RPM扩展 与 189 个 DEB扩展。

Pigsty 总共提供了 255 个可用扩展，其中含 PostgreSQL 自带的 73 个内置扩展）。 Pigsty 仓库的维护了 34 个 RPM 扩展与 10 个 DEB 扩展。

RPM扩展

Pigsty 在 EL系操作系统上共有 230 个扩展，其中包括 73 个 PostgreSQL 自带扩展和 157 个额外的 RPM 扩展，其中由 Pigsty 维护的占 34 个。

模块：PGSQL

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世界上最先进的开源关系型数据库！

而 Pigsty 帮它进入全盛状态：开箱即用、可靠、可观测、可维护、可伸缩！配置 | 管理 | 剧本 | 监控 | 参数

概览

了解关于 PostgreSQL 的重要主题与概念。

使用 VIP-Manager 为 PostgreSQL 集群配置二层 VIP

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

您可以在 PostgreSQL 集群上绑定一个可选的 L2 VIP —— 前提条件是：集群中的所有节点都在一个二层网络中。

这个 L2 VIP 强制使用 Master - Backup 模式，Master 始终指向在数据库集群主库实例所在的节点。

管理预案

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

本文整理了 Pigsty 中常用的 PostgreSQL 管理预案，用于维护生产环境中的数据库集群。

这里是一些常见 PostgreSQL 管理任务的 SOP 预案：

案例1：创建集群
案例2：创建用户
案例3：创建数据库
案例4：重载服务
案例5：重载HBA
案例6：配置集群
案例7：添加实例
案例8：移除实例
案例9：下线集群
案例10：主动切换
案例11：备份集群
案例12：恢复集群
案例13：添加软件
案例14：安装扩展
案例15：小版本升级
案例16：大版本升级

命令速查

PGSQL 剧本与快捷方式：

数据库高可用

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概览

Pigsty 的 PostgreSQL 集群带有开箱即用的高可用方案，由 Patroni、Etcd 和 HAProxy 强力驱动。

当您的 PostgreSQL 集群含有两个或更多实例时，您无需任何配置即拥有了硬件故障自愈的数据库高可用能力 —— 只要集群中有任意实例存活，集群就可以对外提供完整的服务，而客户端只要连接至集群中的任意节点，即可获得完整的服务，而无需关心主从拓扑变化。

访问控制

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Pigsty 提供了一套开箱即用的，基于角色系统和权限系统的访问控制模型。

权限控制很重要，但很多用户做不好。因此 Pigsty 提供了一套开箱即用的精简访问控制模型，为您的集群安全性提供一个兜底。

角色系统

Pigsty 默认的角色系统包含四个默认角色和四个默认用户：

备份与PITR

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Pigsty 使用 pgBackRest 进行 PITR 备份和恢复。

对于硬件故障来说，基于物理复制的高可用故障切换可能会是最佳选择。而对于数据损坏（无论是机器还是人为错误），时间点恢复（PITR）则更为合适：它提供了对最坏情况的兜底。

迁移

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Pigsty 内置了一个剧本 pgsql-migration.yml ，基于逻辑复制来实现在线数据库迁移。

通过预生成的自动化脚本，应用停机时间可以缩减到几秒内。但请注意，逻辑复制需要 PostgreSQL 10 以上的版本才能工作。

监控接入

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

本文介绍了 Pigsty 的监控系统架构，包括监控指标，日志，与目标管理的方式。以及如何监控现有PG集群与远程 RDS服务。

监控概览

Pigsty使用现代的可观测技术栈对 PostgreSQL 进行监控：

时间点恢复

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概览

您可以将集群恢复回滚至过去任意时刻，避免软件缺陷与人为失误导致的数据损失。

Pigsty 的 PostgreSQL 集群带有自动配置的时间点恢复（PITR）方案，基于备份组件 pgBackRest 与可选的对象存储仓库 MinIO 提供。

服务接入

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

单机用户

“服务” 的概念是给生产环境用的，个人用户/单机集群可以不折腾，直接拿实例名/IP地址访问数据库。

例如，Pigsty 默认的单节点 pg-meta.meta 数据库，就可以直接用下面三个不同的用户连接上去。

监控面板

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Pigsty 为 PostgreSQL 提供了诸多开箱即用的 Grafana 监控仪表盘： Demo & Gallery。

在 Pigsty 中共有 26 个与 PostgreSQL 相关的监控面板，按照层次分为总览，集群，实例，数据库四大类，按照数据来源又分为 PGSQL，PGCAT，PGLOG 三大类。

指标列表

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PGSQL 模块包含有 638 类可用监控指标。

Metric Name	Type	Labels	Description
ALERTS	Unknown	`category`, `job`, `level`, `ins`, `severity`, `ip`, `alertname`, `alertstate`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
ALERTS_FOR_STATE	Unknown	`category`, `job`, `level`, `ins`, `severity`, `ip`, `alertname`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
cls:pressure1	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
cls:pressure15	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
cls:pressure5	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
go_gc_duration_seconds	summary	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `quantile`, `cls`	A summary of the pause duration of garbage collection cycles.
go_gc_duration_seconds_count	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
go_gc_duration_seconds_sum	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
go_goroutines	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of goroutines that currently exist.
go_info	gauge	`version`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Information about the Go environment.
go_memstats_alloc_bytes	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of bytes allocated and still in use.
go_memstats_alloc_bytes_total	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total number of bytes allocated, even if freed.
go_memstats_buck_hash_sys_bytes	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of bytes used by the profiling bucket hash table.
go_memstats_frees_total	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total number of frees.
go_memstats_gc_sys_bytes	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of bytes used for garbage collection system metadata.
go_memstats_heap_alloc_bytes	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of heap bytes allocated and still in use.
go_memstats_heap_idle_bytes	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of heap bytes waiting to be used.
go_memstats_heap_inuse_bytes	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of heap bytes that are in use.
go_memstats_heap_objects	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of allocated objects.
go_memstats_heap_released_bytes	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of heap bytes released to OS.
go_memstats_heap_sys_bytes	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of heap bytes obtained from system.
go_memstats_last_gc_time_seconds	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of seconds since 1970 of last garbage collection.
go_memstats_lookups_total	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total number of pointer lookups.
go_memstats_mallocs_total	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total number of mallocs.
go_memstats_mcache_inuse_bytes	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of bytes in use by mcache structures.
go_memstats_mcache_sys_bytes	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of bytes used for mcache structures obtained from system.
go_memstats_mspan_inuse_bytes	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of bytes in use by mspan structures.
go_memstats_mspan_sys_bytes	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of bytes used for mspan structures obtained from system.
go_memstats_next_gc_bytes	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of heap bytes when next garbage collection will take place.
go_memstats_other_sys_bytes	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of bytes used for other system allocations.
go_memstats_stack_inuse_bytes	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of bytes in use by the stack allocator.
go_memstats_stack_sys_bytes	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of bytes obtained from system for stack allocator.
go_memstats_sys_bytes	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of bytes obtained from system.
go_threads	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of OS threads created.
ins:pressure1	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `cls`	N/A
ins:pressure15	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `cls`	N/A
ins:pressure5	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `cls`	N/A
patroni_cluster_unlocked	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `scope`	Value is 1 if the cluster is unlocked, 0 if locked.
patroni_dcs_last_seen	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `scope`	Epoch timestamp when DCS was last contacted successfully by Patroni.
patroni_failsafe_mode_is_active	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `scope`	Value is 1 if failsafe mode is active, 0 if inactive.
patroni_is_paused	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `scope`	Value is 1 if auto failover is disabled, 0 otherwise.
patroni_master	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `scope`	Value is 1 if this node is the leader, 0 otherwise.
patroni_pending_restart	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `scope`	Value is 1 if the node needs a restart, 0 otherwise.
patroni_postgres_in_archive_recovery	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `scope`	Value is 1 if Postgres is replicating from archive, 0 otherwise.
patroni_postgres_running	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `scope`	Value is 1 if Postgres is running, 0 otherwise.
patroni_postgres_server_version	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `scope`	Version of Postgres (if running), 0 otherwise.
patroni_postgres_streaming	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `scope`	Value is 1 if Postgres is streaming, 0 otherwise.
patroni_postgres_timeline	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `scope`	Postgres timeline of this node (if running), 0 otherwise.
patroni_postmaster_start_time	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `scope`	Epoch seconds since Postgres started.
patroni_primary	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `scope`	Value is 1 if this node is the leader, 0 otherwise.
patroni_replica	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `scope`	Value is 1 if this node is a replica, 0 otherwise.
patroni_standby_leader	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `scope`	Value is 1 if this node is the standby_leader, 0 otherwise.
patroni_sync_standby	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `scope`	Value is 1 if this node is a sync standby replica, 0 otherwise.
patroni_up	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
patroni_version	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `scope`	Patroni semver without periods.
patroni_xlog_location	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `scope`	Current location of the Postgres transaction log, 0 if this node is not the leader.
patroni_xlog_paused	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `scope`	Value is 1 if the Postgres xlog is paused, 0 otherwise.
patroni_xlog_received_location	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `scope`	Current location of the received Postgres transaction log, 0 if this node is not a replica.
patroni_xlog_replayed_location	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `scope`	Current location of the replayed Postgres transaction log, 0 if this node is not a replica.
patroni_xlog_replayed_timestamp	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `scope`	Current timestamp of the replayed Postgres transaction log, 0 if null.
pg:cls:active_backends	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:active_time_rate15m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:active_time_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:active_time_rate5m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:age	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:buf_alloc_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:buf_clean_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:buf_flush_backend_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:buf_flush_checkpoint_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:cpu_count	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:cpu_usage	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:cpu_usage_15m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:cpu_usage_1m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:cpu_usage_5m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:db_size	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:file_size	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:ixact_backends	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:ixact_time_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:lag_bytes	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:lag_seconds	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:leader	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:load1	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:load15	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:load5	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:lock_count	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:locks	Unknown	`job`, `cls`, `mode`	N/A
pg:cls:log_size	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:lsn_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:members	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:num_backends	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:partition	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:receiver	Unknown	`state`, `slot_name`, `job`, `appname`, `ip`, `cls`, `sender_host`, `sender_port`	N/A
pg:cls:rlock_count	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:saturation1	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:saturation15	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:saturation5	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:sender	Unknown	`pid`, `usename`, `address`, `job`, `ins`, `appname`, `ip`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:session_time_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:size	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:slot_count	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:slot_retained_bytes	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:standby_count	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:sync_state	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:timeline	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:tup_deleted_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:tup_fetched_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:tup_inserted_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:tup_modified_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:tup_returned_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:wal_size	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:xact_commit_rate15m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:xact_commit_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:xact_commit_rate5m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:xact_rollback_rate15m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:xact_rollback_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:xact_rollback_rate5m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:xact_total_rate15m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:xact_total_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:xact_total_sigma15m	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:cls:xlock_count	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:active_backends	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:active_time_rate15m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:active_time_rate1m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:active_time_rate5m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:age	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:age_deriv1h	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:age_exhaust	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:blk_io_time_seconds_rate1m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:blk_read_time_seconds_rate1m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:blk_write_time_seconds_rate1m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:blks_access_1m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:blks_hit_1m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:blks_hit_ratio1m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:blks_read_1m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:conn_limit	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:conn_usage	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:db_size	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:ixact_backends	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:ixact_time_rate1m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:lock_count	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:num_backends	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:rlock_count	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:session_time_rate1m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:temp_bytes_rate1m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:temp_files_1m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:tup_deleted_rate1m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:tup_fetched_rate1m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:tup_inserted_rate1m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:tup_modified_rate1m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:tup_returned_rate1m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:wlock_count	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:xact_commit_rate15m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:xact_commit_rate1m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:xact_commit_rate5m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:xact_rollback_rate15m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:xact_rollback_rate1m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:xact_rollback_rate5m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:xact_total_rate15m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:xact_total_rate1m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:xact_total_rate5m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:xact_total_sigma15m	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:db:xlock_count	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:env:active_backends	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:active_time_rate15m	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:active_time_rate1m	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:active_time_rate5m	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:age	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:cpu_count	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:cpu_usage	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:cpu_usage_15m	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:cpu_usage_1m	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:cpu_usage_5m	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:ixact_backends	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:ixact_time_rate1m	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:lag_bytes	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:lag_seconds	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:lsn_rate1m	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:session_time_rate1m	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:tup_deleted_rate1m	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:tup_fetched_rate1m	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:tup_inserted_rate1m	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:tup_modified_rate1m	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:tup_returned_rate1m	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:xact_commit_rate15m	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:xact_commit_rate1m	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:xact_commit_rate5m	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:xact_rollback_rate15m	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:xact_rollback_rate1m	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:xact_rollback_rate5m	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:xact_total_rate15m	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:xact_total_rate1m	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:env:xact_total_sigma15m	Unknown	`job`	N/A
pg:ins:active_backends	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:active_time_rate15m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:active_time_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:active_time_rate5m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:age	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:blks_hit_ratio1m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:buf_alloc_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:buf_clean_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:buf_flush_backend_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:buf_flush_checkpoint_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:ckpt_1h	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:ckpt_req_1m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:ckpt_timed_1m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:conn_limit	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:conn_usage	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:cpu_count	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:cpu_usage	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:cpu_usage_15m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:cpu_usage_1m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:cpu_usage_5m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:db_size	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:file_size	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:fs_size	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:is_leader	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:ixact_backends	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:ixact_time_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:lag_bytes	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:lag_seconds	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:load1	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:load15	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:load5	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:lock_count	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:locks	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `mode`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:log_size	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:lsn_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:mem_size	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:num_backends	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:rlock_count	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:saturation1	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:saturation15	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:saturation5	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:session_time_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:slot_retained_bytes	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:space_usage	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:status	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:sync_state	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:target_count	Unknown	`job`, `cls`, `ins`	N/A
pg:ins:timeline	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:tup_deleted_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:tup_fetched_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:tup_inserted_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:tup_modified_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:tup_returned_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:wal_size	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:wlock_count	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:xact_commit_rate15m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:xact_commit_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:xact_commit_rate5m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:xact_rollback_rate15m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:xact_rollback_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:xact_rollback_rate5m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:xact_total_rate15m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:xact_total_rate1m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:xact_total_rate5m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:xact_total_sigma15m	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:ins:xlock_count	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:query:call_rate1m	Unknown	`datname`, `query`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:query:rt_1m	Unknown	`datname`, `query`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg:table:scan_rate1m	Unknown	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg_activity_count	gauge	`datname`, `state`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Count of connection among (datname,state)
pg_activity_max_conn_duration	gauge	`datname`, `state`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Max backend session duration since state change among (datname, state)
pg_activity_max_duration	gauge	`datname`, `state`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Max duration since last state change among (datname, state)
pg_activity_max_tx_duration	gauge	`datname`, `state`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Max transaction duration since state change among (datname, state)
pg_archiver_failed_count	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of failed attempts for archiving WAL files
pg_archiver_finish_count	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of WAL files that have been successfully archived
pg_archiver_last_failed_time	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Time of the last failed archival operation
pg_archiver_last_finish_time	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Time of the last successful archive operation
pg_archiver_reset_time	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Time at which archive statistics were last reset
pg_backend_count	gauge	`type`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Database backend process count by backend_type
pg_bgwriter_buffers_alloc	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of buffers allocated
pg_bgwriter_buffers_backend	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of buffers written directly by a backend
pg_bgwriter_buffers_backend_fsync	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of times a backend had to execute its own fsync call
pg_bgwriter_buffers_checkpoint	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of buffers written during checkpoints
pg_bgwriter_buffers_clean	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of buffers written by the background writer
pg_bgwriter_checkpoint_sync_time	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are synchronized to disk, in seconds
pg_bgwriter_checkpoint_write_time	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are written to disk, in seconds
pg_bgwriter_checkpoints_req	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of requested checkpoints that have been performed
pg_bgwriter_checkpoints_timed	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of scheduled checkpoints that have been performed
pg_bgwriter_maxwritten_clean	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of times the background writer stopped a cleaning scan because it had written too many buffers
pg_bgwriter_reset_time	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Time at which bgwriter statistics were last reset
pg_boot_time	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	unix timestamp when postmaster boot
pg_checkpoint_checkpoint_lsn	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Latest checkpoint location
pg_checkpoint_elapse	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Seconds elapsed since latest checkpoint in seconds
pg_checkpoint_full_page_writes	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Latest checkpoint’s full_page_writes enabled
pg_checkpoint_newest_commit_ts_xid	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Latest checkpoint’s newestCommitTsXid
pg_checkpoint_next_multi_offset	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Latest checkpoint’s NextMultiOffset
pg_checkpoint_next_multixact_id	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Latest checkpoint’s NextMultiXactId
pg_checkpoint_next_oid	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Latest checkpoint’s NextOID
pg_checkpoint_next_xid	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Latest checkpoint’s NextXID xid
pg_checkpoint_next_xid_epoch	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Latest checkpoint’s NextXID epoch
pg_checkpoint_oldest_active_xid	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Latest checkpoint’s oldestActiveXID
pg_checkpoint_oldest_commit_ts_xid	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Latest checkpoint’s oldestCommitTsXid
pg_checkpoint_oldest_multi_dbid	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Latest checkpoint’s oldestMulti’s DB OID
pg_checkpoint_oldest_multi_xid	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Latest checkpoint’s oldestMultiXid
pg_checkpoint_oldest_xid	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Latest checkpoint’s oldestXID
pg_checkpoint_oldest_xid_dbid	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Latest checkpoint’s oldestXID’s DB OID
pg_checkpoint_prev_tli	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Latest checkpoint’s PrevTimeLineID
pg_checkpoint_redo_lsn	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Latest checkpoint’s REDO location
pg_checkpoint_time	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Time of latest checkpoint
pg_checkpoint_tli	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Latest checkpoint’s TimeLineID
pg_conf_reload_time	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	seconds since last configuration reload
pg_db_active_time	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Time spent executing SQL statements in this database, in seconds
pg_db_age	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Age of database calculated from datfrozenxid
pg_db_allow_conn	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	If false(0) then no one can connect to this database.
pg_db_blk_read_time	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Time spent reading data file blocks by backends in this database, in seconds
pg_db_blk_write_time	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Time spent writing data file blocks by backends in this database, in seconds
pg_db_blks_access	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of times disk blocks that accessed read+hit
pg_db_blks_hit	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of times disk blocks were found already in the buffer cache
pg_db_blks_read	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of disk blocks read in this database
pg_db_cks_fail_time	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Time at which the last data page checksum failure was detected in this database
pg_db_cks_fails	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of data page checksum failures detected in this database, -1 for not enabled
pg_db_confl_confl_bufferpin	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to pinned buffers
pg_db_confl_confl_deadlock	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to deadlocks
pg_db_confl_confl_lock	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to lock timeouts
pg_db_confl_confl_snapshot	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to old snapshots
pg_db_confl_confl_tablespace	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to dropped tablespaces
pg_db_conflicts	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of queries canceled due to conflicts with recovery in this database
pg_db_conn_limit	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Sets maximum number of concurrent connections that can be made to this database. -1 means no limit.
pg_db_datid	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	OID of the database
pg_db_deadlocks	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of deadlocks detected in this database
pg_db_frozen_xid	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	All transaction IDs before this one have been frozened
pg_db_is_template	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	If true(1), then this database can be cloned by any user with CREATEDB privileges
pg_db_ixact_time	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Time spent idling while in a transaction in this database, in seconds
pg_db_numbackends	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of backends currently connected to this database
pg_db_reset_time	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Time at which database statistics were last reset
pg_db_session_time	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Time spent by database sessions in this database, in seconds
pg_db_sessions	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total number of sessions established to this database
pg_db_sessions_abandoned	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of database sessions to this database that were terminated because connection to the client was lost
pg_db_sessions_fatal	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of database sessions to this database that were terminated by fatal errors
pg_db_sessions_killed	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of database sessions to this database that were terminated by operator intervention
pg_db_temp_bytes	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total amount of data written to temporary files by queries in this database.
pg_db_temp_files	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of temporary files created by queries in this database
pg_db_tup_deleted	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of rows deleted by queries in this database
pg_db_tup_fetched	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of rows fetched by queries in this database
pg_db_tup_inserted	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of rows inserted by queries in this database
pg_db_tup_modified	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of rows modified by queries in this database
pg_db_tup_returned	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of rows returned by queries in this database
pg_db_tup_updated	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of rows updated by queries in this database
pg_db_xact_commit	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of transactions in this database that have been committed
pg_db_xact_rollback	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of transactions in this database that have been rolled back
pg_db_xact_total	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of transactions in this database
pg_downstream_count	gauge	`state`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Count of corresponding state
pg_exporter_agent_up	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg_exporter_last_scrape_time	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	seconds exporter spending on scrapping
pg_exporter_query_cache_ttl	gauge	`datname`, `query`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	times to live of query cache
pg_exporter_query_scrape_duration	gauge	`datname`, `query`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	seconds query spending on scrapping
pg_exporter_query_scrape_error_count	gauge	`datname`, `query`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	times the query failed
pg_exporter_query_scrape_hit_count	gauge	`datname`, `query`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	numbers been scrapped from this query
pg_exporter_query_scrape_metric_count	gauge	`datname`, `query`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	numbers of metrics been scrapped from this query
pg_exporter_query_scrape_total_count	gauge	`datname`, `query`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	times exporter server was scraped for metrics
pg_exporter_scrape_duration	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	seconds exporter spending on scrapping
pg_exporter_scrape_error_count	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	times exporter was scraped for metrics and failed
pg_exporter_scrape_total_count	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	times exporter was scraped for metrics
pg_exporter_server_scrape_duration	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	seconds exporter server spending on scrapping
pg_exporter_server_scrape_error_count	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pg_exporter_server_scrape_total_count	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	times exporter server was scraped for metrics
pg_exporter_server_scrape_total_seconds	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	seconds exporter server spending on scrapping
pg_exporter_up	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	always be 1 if your could retrieve metrics
pg_exporter_uptime	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	seconds since exporter primary server inited
pg_flush_lsn	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	primary only, location of current wal syncing
pg_func_calls	counter	`datname`, `funcname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of times this function has been called
pg_func_self_time	counter	`datname`, `funcname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total time spent in this function itself, not including other functions called by it, in ms
pg_func_total_time	counter	`datname`, `funcname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total time spent in this function and all other functions called by it, in ms
pg_in_recovery	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	server is in recovery mode? 1 for yes 0 for no
pg_index_idx_blks_hit	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `relid`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `idxname`	Number of buffer hits in this index
pg_index_idx_blks_read	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `relid`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `idxname`	Number of disk blocks read from this index
pg_index_idx_scan	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `relid`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `idxname`	Number of index scans initiated on this index
pg_index_idx_tup_fetch	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `relid`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `idxname`	Number of live table rows fetched by simple index scans using this index
pg_index_idx_tup_read	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `relid`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `idxname`	Number of index entries returned by scans on this index
pg_index_relpages	gauge	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `relid`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `idxname`	Size of the on-disk representation of this index in pages
pg_index_reltuples	gauge	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `relid`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `idxname`	Estimate relation tuples
pg_insert_lsn	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	primary only, location of current wal inserting
pg_io_evictions	counter	`type`, `job`, `ins`, `object`, `ip`, `context`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of times a block has been written out from a shared or local buffer
pg_io_extend_time	counter	`type`, `job`, `ins`, `object`, `ip`, `context`, `instance`, `cls`	Time spent in extend operations in seconds
pg_io_extends	counter	`type`, `job`, `ins`, `object`, `ip`, `context`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of relation extend operations, each of the size specified in op_bytes.
pg_io_fsync_time	counter	`type`, `job`, `ins`, `object`, `ip`, `context`, `instance`, `cls`	Time spent in fsync operations in seconds
pg_io_fsyncs	counter	`type`, `job`, `ins`, `object`, `ip`, `context`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of fsync calls. These are only tracked in context normal
pg_io_hits	counter	`type`, `job`, `ins`, `object`, `ip`, `context`, `instance`, `cls`	The number of times a desired block was found in a shared buffer.
pg_io_op_bytes	gauge	`type`, `job`, `ins`, `object`, `ip`, `context`, `instance`, `cls`	The number of bytes per unit of I/O read, written, or extended. 8192 by default
pg_io_read_time	counter	`type`, `job`, `ins`, `object`, `ip`, `context`, `instance`, `cls`	Time spent in read operations in seconds
pg_io_reads	counter	`type`, `job`, `ins`, `object`, `ip`, `context`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of read operations, each of the size specified in op_bytes.
pg_io_reset_time	gauge	`type`, `job`, `ins`, `object`, `ip`, `context`, `instance`, `cls`	Timestamp at which these statistics were last reset
pg_io_reuses	counter	`type`, `job`, `ins`, `object`, `ip`, `context`, `instance`, `cls`	The number of times an existing buffer in reused
pg_io_write_time	counter	`type`, `job`, `ins`, `object`, `ip`, `context`, `instance`, `cls`	Time spent in write operations in seconds
pg_io_writeback_time	counter	`type`, `job`, `ins`, `object`, `ip`, `context`, `instance`, `cls`	Time spent in writeback operations in seconds
pg_io_writebacks	counter	`type`, `job`, `ins`, `object`, `ip`, `context`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of units of size op_bytes which the process requested the kernel write out to permanent storage.
pg_io_writes	counter	`type`, `job`, `ins`, `object`, `ip`, `context`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of write operations, each of the size specified in op_bytes.
pg_is_in_recovery	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	1 if in recovery mode
pg_is_wal_replay_paused	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	1 if wal play paused
pg_lag	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	replica only, replication lag in seconds
pg_last_replay_time	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	time when last transaction been replayed
pg_lock_count	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `mode`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of locks of corresponding mode and database
pg_lsn	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	log sequence number, current write location
pg_meta_info	gauge	`cls`, `extensions`, `version`, `job`, `ins`, `primary_conninfo`, `conf_path`, `hba_path`, `ip`, `cluster_id`, `instance`, `listen_port`, `wal_level`, `ver_num`, `cluster_name`, `data_dir`	constant 1
pg_query_calls	counter	`datname`, `query`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of times the statement was executed
pg_query_exec_time	counter	`datname`, `query`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total time spent executing the statement, in seconds
pg_query_io_time	counter	`datname`, `query`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total time the statement spent reading and writing blocks, in seconds
pg_query_rows	counter	`datname`, `query`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total number of rows retrieved or affected by the statement
pg_query_sblk_dirtied	counter	`datname`, `query`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total number of shared blocks dirtied by the statement
pg_query_sblk_hit	counter	`datname`, `query`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total number of shared block cache hits by the statement
pg_query_sblk_read	counter	`datname`, `query`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total number of shared blocks read by the statement
pg_query_sblk_written	counter	`datname`, `query`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total number of shared blocks written by the statement
pg_query_wal_bytes	counter	`datname`, `query`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total amount of WAL bytes generated by the statement
pg_receive_lsn	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	replica only, location of wal synced to disk
pg_recovery_backup_end_lsn	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Backup end location
pg_recovery_backup_start_lsn	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Backup start location
pg_recovery_min_lsn	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Minimum recovery ending location
pg_recovery_min_timeline	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Min recovery ending loc’s timeline
pg_recovery_prefetch_block_distance	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	How many blocks ahead the prefetcher is looking
pg_recovery_prefetch_hit	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of blocks not prefetched because they were already in the buffer pool
pg_recovery_prefetch_io_depth	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	How many prefetches have been initiated but are not yet known to have completed
pg_recovery_prefetch_prefetch	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of blocks prefetched because they were not in the buffer pool
pg_recovery_prefetch_reset_time	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Time at which these recovery prefetch statistics were last reset
pg_recovery_prefetch_skip_fpw	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of blocks not prefetched because a full page image was included in the WAL
pg_recovery_prefetch_skip_init	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of blocks not prefetched because they would be zero-initialized
pg_recovery_prefetch_skip_new	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of blocks not prefetched because they didn’t exist yet
pg_recovery_prefetch_skip_rep	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of blocks not prefetched because they were already recently prefetched
pg_recovery_prefetch_wal_distance	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	How many bytes ahead the prefetcher is looking
pg_recovery_require_record	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	End-of-backup record required
pg_recv_flush_lsn	counter	`state`, `slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `sender_host`, `sender_port`	Last write-ahead log location already received and flushed to disk
pg_recv_flush_tli	counter	`state`, `slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `sender_host`, `sender_port`	Timeline number of last write-ahead log location received and flushed to disk
pg_recv_init_lsn	counter	`state`, `slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `sender_host`, `sender_port`	First write-ahead log location used when WAL receiver is started
pg_recv_init_tli	counter	`state`, `slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `sender_host`, `sender_port`	First timeline number used when WAL receiver is started
pg_recv_msg_recv_time	gauge	`state`, `slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `sender_host`, `sender_port`	Receipt time of last message received from origin WAL sender
pg_recv_msg_send_time	gauge	`state`, `slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `sender_host`, `sender_port`	Send time of last message received from origin WAL sender
pg_recv_pid	gauge	`state`, `slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `sender_host`, `sender_port`	Process ID of the WAL receiver process
pg_recv_reported_lsn	counter	`state`, `slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `sender_host`, `sender_port`	Last write-ahead log location reported to origin WAL sender
pg_recv_reported_time	gauge	`state`, `slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `sender_host`, `sender_port`	Time of last write-ahead log location reported to origin WAL sender
pg_recv_time	gauge	`state`, `slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `sender_host`, `sender_port`	Time of current snapshot
pg_recv_write_lsn	counter	`state`, `slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `sender_host`, `sender_port`	Last write-ahead log location already received and written to disk, but not flushed.
pg_relkind_count	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `relkind`	Number of relations of corresponding relkind
pg_repl_backend_xmin	counter	`pid`, `usename`, `address`, `job`, `ins`, `appname`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	This standby’s xmin horizon reported by hot_standby_feedback.
pg_repl_client_port	gauge	`pid`, `usename`, `address`, `job`, `ins`, `appname`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this WAL sender, or -1 if a Unix socket is used
pg_repl_flush_diff	gauge	`pid`, `usename`, `address`, `job`, `ins`, `appname`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Last log position flushed to disk by this standby server diff with current lsn
pg_repl_flush_lag	gauge	`pid`, `usename`, `address`, `job`, `ins`, `appname`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written and flushed it
pg_repl_flush_lsn	counter	`pid`, `usename`, `address`, `job`, `ins`, `appname`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Last write-ahead log location flushed to disk by this standby server
pg_repl_launch_time	counter	`pid`, `usename`, `address`, `job`, `ins`, `appname`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Time when this process was started, i.e., when the client connected to this WAL sender
pg_repl_lsn	counter	`pid`, `usename`, `address`, `job`, `ins`, `appname`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Current log position on this server
pg_repl_replay_diff	gauge	`pid`, `usename`, `address`, `job`, `ins`, `appname`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Last log position replayed into the database on this standby server diff with current lsn
pg_repl_replay_lag	gauge	`pid`, `usename`, `address`, `job`, `ins`, `appname`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written, flushed and applied it
pg_repl_replay_lsn	counter	`pid`, `usename`, `address`, `job`, `ins`, `appname`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Last write-ahead log location replayed into the database on this standby server
pg_repl_reply_time	gauge	`pid`, `usename`, `address`, `job`, `ins`, `appname`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Send time of last reply message received from standby server
pg_repl_sent_diff	gauge	`pid`, `usename`, `address`, `job`, `ins`, `appname`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Last log position sent to this standby server diff with current lsn
pg_repl_sent_lsn	counter	`pid`, `usename`, `address`, `job`, `ins`, `appname`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Last write-ahead log location sent on this connection
pg_repl_state	gauge	`pid`, `usename`, `address`, `job`, `ins`, `appname`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Current WAL sender encoded state 0-4 for streaming startup catchup backup stopping
pg_repl_sync_priority	gauge	`pid`, `usename`, `address`, `job`, `ins`, `appname`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Priority of this standby server for being chosen as the synchronous standby
pg_repl_sync_state	gauge	`pid`, `usename`, `address`, `job`, `ins`, `appname`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Encoded synchronous state of this standby server, 0-3 for async potential sync quorum
pg_repl_time	counter	`pid`, `usename`, `address`, `job`, `ins`, `appname`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Current timestamp in unix epoch
pg_repl_write_diff	gauge	`pid`, `usename`, `address`, `job`, `ins`, `appname`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Last log position written to disk by this standby server diff with current lsn
pg_repl_write_lag	gauge	`pid`, `usename`, `address`, `job`, `ins`, `appname`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written it
pg_repl_write_lsn	counter	`pid`, `usename`, `address`, `job`, `ins`, `appname`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Last write-ahead log location written to disk by this standby server
pg_replay_lsn	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	replica only, location of wal applied
pg_seq_blks_hit	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `seqname`	Number of buffer hits in this sequence
pg_seq_blks_read	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `seqname`	Number of disk blocks read from this sequence
pg_seq_last_value	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`, `seqname`	The last sequence value written to disk
pg_setting_block_size	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	pg page block size, 8192 by default
pg_setting_data_checksums	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	whether data checksum is enabled, 1 enabled 0 disabled
pg_setting_max_connections	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	number of concurrent connections to the database server
pg_setting_max_locks_per_transaction	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	no more than this many distinct objects can be locked at any one time
pg_setting_max_prepared_transactions	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	maximum number of transactions that can be in the prepared state simultaneously
pg_setting_max_replication_slots	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	maximum number of replication slots
pg_setting_max_wal_senders	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	maximum number of concurrent connections from standby servers
pg_setting_max_worker_processes	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	maximum number of background processes that the system can support
pg_setting_wal_log_hints	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	whether wal_log_hints is enabled, 1 enabled 0 disabled
pg_size_bytes	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	File size in bytes
pg_slot_active	gauge	`slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	True(1) if this slot is currently actively being used
pg_slot_catalog_xmin	counter	`slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	The oldest transaction affecting the system catalogs that this slot needs the database to retain.
pg_slot_confirm_lsn	counter	`slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	The address (LSN) up to which the logical slot’s consumer has confirmed receiving data.
pg_slot_reset_time	counter	`slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	When statistics were last reset
pg_slot_restart_lsn	counter	`slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	The address (LSN) of oldest WAL which still might be required by the consumer of this slot
pg_slot_retained_bytes	gauge	`slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Size of bytes that retained for this slot
pg_slot_safe_wal_size	gauge	`slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	bytes that can be written to WAL which will not make slot into lost
pg_slot_spill_bytes	counter	`slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Bytes that spilled to disk due to logical decode mem exceeding
pg_slot_spill_count	counter	`slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Xacts that spilled to disk due to logical decode mem exceeding (a xact can be spilled multiple times)
pg_slot_spill_txns	counter	`slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Xacts that spilled to disk due to logical decode mem exceeding (subtrans included)
pg_slot_stream_bytes	counter	`slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Bytes that streamed to decoding output plugin after mem exceed
pg_slot_stream_count	counter	`slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Xacts that streamed to decoding output plugin after mem exceed (a xact can be streamed multiple times)
pg_slot_stream_txns	counter	`slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Xacts that streamed to decoding output plugin after mem exceed
pg_slot_temporary	gauge	`slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	True(1) if this is a temporary replication slot.
pg_slot_total_bytes	counter	`slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of decoded bytes sent to the decoding output plugin for this slot
pg_slot_total_txns	counter	`slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of decoded xacts sent to the decoding output plugin for this slot
pg_slot_wal_status	gauge	`slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	WAL reserve status 0-3 means reserved,extended,unreserved,lost, -1 means other
pg_slot_xmin	counter	`slot_name`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	The oldest transaction that this slot needs the database to retain.
pg_slru_blks_exists	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of blocks checked for existence for this SLRU
pg_slru_blks_hit	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of times disk blocks were found already in the SLRU, so that a read was not necessary
pg_slru_blks_read	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of disk blocks read for this SLRU
pg_slru_blks_written	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of disk blocks written for this SLRU
pg_slru_blks_zeroed	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of blocks zeroed during initializations
pg_slru_flushes	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of flushes of dirty data for this SLRU
pg_slru_reset_time	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Time at which these statistics were last reset
pg_slru_truncates	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of truncates for this SLRU
pg_ssl_disabled	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of client connection that does not use ssl
pg_ssl_enabled	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of client connection that use ssl
pg_sync_standby_enabled	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `names`, `instance`, `cls`	Synchronous commit enabled, 1 if enabled, 0 if disabled
pg_table_age	gauge	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Age of this table in vacuum cycles
pg_table_analyze_count	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of times this table has been manually analyzed
pg_table_autoanalyze_count	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of times this table has been analyzed by the autovacuum daemon
pg_table_autovacuum_count	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of times this table has been vacuumed by the autovacuum daemon
pg_table_frozenxid	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	All txid before this have been frozen on this table
pg_table_heap_blks_hit	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of buffer hits in this table
pg_table_heap_blks_read	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of disk blocks read from this table
pg_table_idx_blks_hit	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of buffer hits in all indexes on this table
pg_table_idx_blks_read	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of disk blocks read from all indexes on this table
pg_table_idx_scan	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of index scans initiated on this table
pg_table_idx_tup_fetch	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of live rows fetched by index scans
pg_table_kind	gauge	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Relation kind r/table/114
pg_table_n_dead_tup	gauge	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Estimated number of dead rows
pg_table_n_ins_since_vacuum	gauge	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Estimated number of rows inserted since this table was last vacuumed
pg_table_n_live_tup	gauge	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Estimated number of live rows
pg_table_n_mod_since_analyze	gauge	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Estimated number of rows modified since this table was last analyzed
pg_table_n_tup_del	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of rows deleted
pg_table_n_tup_hot_upd	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of rows HOT updated (i.e with no separate index update required)
pg_table_n_tup_ins	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of rows inserted
pg_table_n_tup_mod	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of rows modified (insert + update + delete)
pg_table_n_tup_newpage_upd	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of rows updated where the successor version goes onto a new heap page
pg_table_n_tup_upd	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of rows updated (includes HOT updated rows)
pg_table_ncols	gauge	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of columns in the table
pg_table_pages	gauge	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Size of the on-disk representation of this table in pages
pg_table_relid	gauge	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Relation oid of this table
pg_table_seq_scan	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of sequential scans initiated on this table
pg_table_seq_tup_read	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of live rows fetched by sequential scans
pg_table_size_bytes	gauge	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total bytes of this table (including toast, index, toast index)
pg_table_size_indexsize	gauge	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Bytes of all related indexes of this table
pg_table_size_relsize	gauge	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Bytes of this table itself (main, vm, fsm)
pg_table_size_toastsize	gauge	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Bytes of toast tables of this table
pg_table_tbl_scan	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of scans initiated on this table
pg_table_tup_read	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of live rows fetched by scans
pg_table_tuples	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	All txid before this have been frozen on this table
pg_table_vacuum_count	counter	`datname`, `relname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of times this table has been manually vacuumed (not counting VACUUM FULL)
pg_timestamp	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	database current timestamp
pg_up	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	last scrape was able to connect to the server: 1 for yes, 0 for no
pg_uptime	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	seconds since postmaster start
pg_version	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	server version number
pg_wait_count	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `event`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Count of WaitEvent on target database
pg_wal_buffers_full	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of times WAL data was written to disk because WAL buffers became full
pg_wal_bytes	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total amount of WAL generated in bytes
pg_wal_fpi	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total number of WAL full page images generated
pg_wal_records	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total number of WAL records generated
pg_wal_reset_time	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	When statistics were last reset
pg_wal_sync	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of times WAL files were synced to disk via issue_xlog_fsync request
pg_wal_sync_time	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total amount of time spent syncing WAL files to disk via issue_xlog_fsync request, in seconds
pg_wal_write	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of times WAL buffers were written out to disk via XLogWrite request.
pg_wal_write_time	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total amount of time spent writing WAL buffers to disk via XLogWrite request in seconds
pg_write_lsn	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	primary only, location of current wal writing
pg_xact_xmax	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	First as-yet-unassigned txid. txid >= this are invisible.
pg_xact_xmin	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Earliest txid that is still active
pg_xact_xnum	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Current active transaction count
pgbouncer:cls:load1	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pgbouncer:cls:load15	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pgbouncer:cls:load5	Unknown	`job`, `cls`	N/A
pgbouncer:db:conn_usage	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `host`, `cls`, `real_datname`, `port`	N/A
pgbouncer:db:conn_usage_reserve	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `host`, `cls`, `real_datname`, `port`	N/A
pgbouncer:db:pool_current_conn	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `host`, `cls`, `real_datname`, `port`	N/A
pgbouncer:db:pool_disabled	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `host`, `cls`, `real_datname`, `port`	N/A
pgbouncer:db:pool_max_conn	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `host`, `cls`, `real_datname`, `port`	N/A
pgbouncer:db:pool_paused	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `host`, `cls`, `real_datname`, `port`	N/A
pgbouncer:db:pool_reserve_size	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `host`, `cls`, `real_datname`, `port`	N/A
pgbouncer:db:pool_size	Unknown	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `host`, `cls`, `real_datname`, `port`	N/A
pgbouncer:ins:free_clients	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pgbouncer:ins:free_servers	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pgbouncer:ins:load1	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pgbouncer:ins:load15	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pgbouncer:ins:load5	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pgbouncer:ins:login_clients	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pgbouncer:ins:pool_databases	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pgbouncer:ins:pool_users	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pgbouncer:ins:pools	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pgbouncer:ins:used_clients	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pgbouncer_database_current_connections	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `host`, `cls`, `real_datname`, `port`	Current number of connections for this database
pgbouncer_database_disabled	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `host`, `cls`, `real_datname`, `port`	True(1) if this database is currently disabled, else 0
pgbouncer_database_max_connections	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `host`, `cls`, `real_datname`, `port`	Maximum number of allowed connections for this database
pgbouncer_database_min_pool_size	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `host`, `cls`, `real_datname`, `port`	Minimum number of server connections
pgbouncer_database_paused	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `host`, `cls`, `real_datname`, `port`	True(1) if this database is currently paused, else 0
pgbouncer_database_pool_size	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `host`, `cls`, `real_datname`, `port`	Maximum number of server connections
pgbouncer_database_reserve_pool	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `host`, `cls`, `real_datname`, `port`	Maximum number of additional connections for this database
pgbouncer_exporter_agent_up	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
pgbouncer_exporter_last_scrape_time	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	seconds exporter spending on scrapping
pgbouncer_exporter_query_cache_ttl	gauge	`datname`, `query`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	times to live of query cache
pgbouncer_exporter_query_scrape_duration	gauge	`datname`, `query`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	seconds query spending on scrapping
pgbouncer_exporter_query_scrape_error_count	gauge	`datname`, `query`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	times the query failed
pgbouncer_exporter_query_scrape_hit_count	gauge	`datname`, `query`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	numbers been scrapped from this query
pgbouncer_exporter_query_scrape_metric_count	gauge	`datname`, `query`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	numbers of metrics been scrapped from this query
pgbouncer_exporter_query_scrape_total_count	gauge	`datname`, `query`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	times exporter server was scraped for metrics
pgbouncer_exporter_scrape_duration	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	seconds exporter spending on scrapping
pgbouncer_exporter_scrape_error_count	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	times exporter was scraped for metrics and failed
pgbouncer_exporter_scrape_total_count	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	times exporter was scraped for metrics
pgbouncer_exporter_server_scrape_duration	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	seconds exporter server spending on scrapping
pgbouncer_exporter_server_scrape_total_count	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	times exporter server was scraped for metrics
pgbouncer_exporter_server_scrape_total_seconds	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	seconds exporter server spending on scrapping
pgbouncer_exporter_up	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	always be 1 if your could retrieve metrics
pgbouncer_exporter_uptime	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	seconds since exporter primary server inited
pgbouncer_in_recovery	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	server is in recovery mode? 1 for yes 0 for no
pgbouncer_list_items	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `list`, `cls`	Number of corresponding pgbouncer object
pgbouncer_pool_active_cancel_clients	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `user`, `cls`, `pool_mode`	Client connections that have forwarded query cancellations to the server and are waiting for the server response.
pgbouncer_pool_active_cancel_servers	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `user`, `cls`, `pool_mode`	Server connections that are currently forwarding a cancel request
pgbouncer_pool_active_clients	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `user`, `cls`, `pool_mode`	Client connections that are linked to server connection and can process queries
pgbouncer_pool_active_servers	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `user`, `cls`, `pool_mode`	Server connections that are linked to a client
pgbouncer_pool_cancel_clients	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `user`, `cls`, `pool_mode`	Client connections that have not forwarded query cancellations to the server yet.
pgbouncer_pool_cancel_servers	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `user`, `cls`, `pool_mode`	cancel requests have completed that were sent to cancel a query on this server
pgbouncer_pool_idle_servers	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `user`, `cls`, `pool_mode`	Server connections that are unused and immediately usable for client queries
pgbouncer_pool_login_servers	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `user`, `cls`, `pool_mode`	Server connections currently in the process of logging in
pgbouncer_pool_maxwait	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `user`, `cls`, `pool_mode`	How long the first(oldest) client in the queue has waited, in seconds, key metric
pgbouncer_pool_maxwait_us	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `user`, `cls`, `pool_mode`	Microsecond part of the maximum waiting time.
pgbouncer_pool_tested_servers	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `user`, `cls`, `pool_mode`	Server connections that are currently running reset or check query
pgbouncer_pool_used_servers	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `user`, `cls`, `pool_mode`	Server connections that have been idle for more than server_check_delay (means have to run check query)
pgbouncer_pool_waiting_clients	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `user`, `cls`, `pool_mode`	Client connections that have sent queries but have not yet got a server connection
pgbouncer_stat_avg_query_count	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Average queries per second in last stat period
pgbouncer_stat_avg_query_time	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Average query duration, in seconds
pgbouncer_stat_avg_recv	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Average received (from clients) bytes per second
pgbouncer_stat_avg_sent	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Average sent (to clients) bytes per second
pgbouncer_stat_avg_wait_time	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Time spent by clients waiting for a server, in seconds (average per second).
pgbouncer_stat_avg_xact_count	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Average transactions per second in last stat period
pgbouncer_stat_avg_xact_time	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Average transaction duration, in seconds
pgbouncer_stat_total_query_count	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total number of SQL queries pooled by pgbouncer
pgbouncer_stat_total_query_time	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total number of seconds spent when executing queries
pgbouncer_stat_total_received	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total volume in bytes of network traffic received by pgbouncer
pgbouncer_stat_total_sent	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total volume in bytes of network traffic sent by pgbouncer
pgbouncer_stat_total_wait_time	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Time spent by clients waiting for a server, in seconds
pgbouncer_stat_total_xact_count	gauge	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total number of SQL transactions pooled by pgbouncer
pgbouncer_stat_total_xact_time	counter	`datname`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total number of seconds spent when in a transaction
pgbouncer_up	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	last scrape was able to connect to the server: 1 for yes, 0 for no
pgbouncer_version	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	server version number
process_cpu_seconds_total	counter	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total user and system CPU time spent in seconds.
process_max_fds	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Maximum number of open file descriptors.
process_open_fds	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Number of open file descriptors.
process_resident_memory_bytes	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Resident memory size in bytes.
process_start_time_seconds	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Start time of the process since unix epoch in seconds.
process_virtual_memory_bytes	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Virtual memory size in bytes.
process_virtual_memory_max_bytes	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Maximum amount of virtual memory available in bytes.
promhttp_metric_handler_requests_in_flight	gauge	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Current number of scrapes being served.
promhttp_metric_handler_requests_total	counter	`code`, `job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	Total number of scrapes by HTTP status code.
scrape_duration_seconds	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
scrape_samples_post_metric_relabeling	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
scrape_samples_scraped	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
scrape_series_added	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A
up	Unknown	`job`, `ins`, `ip`, `instance`, `cls`	N/A

常见问题

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

PGSQL初始化失败：ABORT due to postgres exists

这意味着正在初始化的 PostgreSQL 实例已经存在了，将 pg_clean 设置为 true，并将 pg_safeguard 设置为 false，就可以在执行 pgsql.yml 期间强制清理现存实例。

访问控制

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Pigsty 提供了一套开箱即用的，基于角色系统和权限系统的访问控制模型。

权限控制很重要，但很多用户做不好。因此 Pigsty 提供了一套开箱即用的精简访问控制模型，为您的集群安全性提供一个兜底。

角色系统

Pigsty 默认的角色系统包含四个默认角色和四个默认用户：

使用 PostgreSQL 作为 Grafana 后端数据库

Tue, 18 May 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Grafana 默认使用 SQLite 存储元数据。Pigsty v2.7 可以为 Grafana 置备 PostgreSQL 用户与数据库，随后再手工将 Grafana 指向该数据库。

v2.7 范围

grafana_database 与 grafana_pgurl 参数在 v2.7.0 中已经废弃。该版本的 grafana.ini.j2 不会管理 PostgreSQL 后端连接串，因此重新执行 grafana_config 任务可能覆盖手工修改；请将此变更纳入您自己的配置管理。