# Comparison > Comparing products such as RDS and projects that has feature overlap with Pigsty --- ------------------ ## Comparing to RDS [ Pigsty](https://pigsty.io/) is an AGPLv3-licensed, local-first RDS alternative that can be deployed on your own physical machines/virtual machines, or on cloud servers. Therefore, we chose the world's leading Amazon Cloud [AWS RDS for PostgreSQL](https://aws.amazon.com/cn/rds/postgresql/) and China's market leader Alibaba Cloud [RDS for PostgreSQL](https://www.alibabacloud.com/zh/product/apsaradb-for-rds-postgresql) as benchmarks. Both Alibaba Cloud RDS and AWS RDS are proprietary cloud database services, offered only on the public cloud through a leasing model. The following comparison is based on the latest PostgreSQL 16 main branch version, with the comparison cut-off date being February 2024. ----------- ### Features | **Item** | **Pigsty** | **Aliyun RDS** | **AWS RDS** | |------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Major Version | 12 - 16 | 12 - 16 | 12 - 16 | | Read on Standby | Of course | Not Readable | Not Readable | | Separate R & W | By Port | Paid Proxy | Paid Proxy | | Offline Instance | Yes | Not Available | Not Available | | Standby Cluster | Yes | Multi-AZ | Multi-AZ | | Delayed Instance | Yes | Not Available | Not Available | | Load Balancer | HAProxy / LVS | Paid ELB | Paid ELB | | Connection Pooling | Pgbouncer | Paid Proxy | Paid RDS Proxy | | High Availability | Patroni / etcd | HA Version Only | HA Version Only | | Point-in-Time Recovery | pgBackRest / MinIO | Yes | Yes | | Monitoring Metrics | Prometheus / Exporter | About 9 Metrics | About 99 Metrics | | Logging Collector | Loki / Promtail | Yes | Yes | | Dashboards | Grafana / Echarts | Basic Support | Basic Support | | Alerts | AlterManager | Basic Support | Basic Support | ---------- ### Extensions Here are some important extensions in the PostgreSQL ecosystem. The comparison is base on PostgreSQL 16 and complete on 2024-02-29: - [**Pigsty Extension List**](/docs/reference/extension/) - [**AWS RDS for PostgreSQL Extensions**](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/PostgreSQLReleaseNotes/postgresql-extensions.html): - [**Aliyun RDS for PostgreSQL Extensions**](https://help.aliyun.com/zh/rds/apsaradb-rds-for-postgresql/extensions-supported-by-apsaradb-rds-for-postgresql) | **Category** | **Pigsty** | **Aliyun RDS PG** | **AWS RDS PG** | |------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------:|:----------------------------------------------------------------:| | Add Extension | Free to Install | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | | Geo Spatial | PostGIS 3.4.2 | PostGIS 3.3.4 | PostGIS 3.4.1 | | Time Series | TimescaleDB 2.14.2 | | | | Distributive | Citus 12.1 | | | | AI / ML | PostgresML 2.8.1 | | | | Columnar | Hydra 1.1.1 | | | | Vector | PGVector 0.6 | pase 0.0.1 | PGVector 0.6 | | Sparse Vector | PG Sparse 0.5.6 | | | | Full-Text Search | pg_bm25 0.5.6
| | | | Graph | Apache AGE 1.5.0 | | | | GraphQL | PG GraphQL 1.5.0 | | | | Message Queue | pgq 3.5.0 | | | | OLAP | pg_analytics 0.5.6 | | | | DuckDB | duckdb_fdw 1.1 | | | | CDC | wal2json 2.5.3 | | wal2json 2.5 | | Bloat Control | pg_repack 1.5.0 | pg_repack 1.4.8 | pg_repack 1.5.0 | | Point Cloud | PG PointCloud 1.2.5 | Ganos PointCloud 6.1 | |

AWS RDS 扩展

AWS RDS for PostgreSQL 16 可用扩展（已刨除PG自带扩展） | name | pg16 | pg15 | pg14 | pg13 | pg12 | pg11 | pg10 | |:---------------------|:-----|:-----|:-----|:-----|:-----|:-----|:-----| | amcheck | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | yes | 1 | | auto\_explain | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | | autoinc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | null | null | null | | bloom | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | bool\_plperl | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | null | null | null | | btree\_gin | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | | btree\_gist | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | | citext | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.4 | | cube | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.2 | | dblink | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | | dict\_int | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | dict\_xsyn | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | earthdistance | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | | fuzzystrmatch | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | | hstore | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.4 | | hstore\_plperl | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | insert\_username | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | null | null | null | | intagg | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | | intarray | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | | isn | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | | jsonb\_plperl | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | null | null | | lo | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | | ltree | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | | moddatetime | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | null | null | null | | old\_snapshot | 1 | 1 | 1 | null | null | null | null | | pageinspect | 1.12 | 1.11 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | | pg\_buffercache | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | | pg\_freespacemap | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | | pg\_prewarm | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | | pg\_stat\_statements | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | | pg\_trgm | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | | pg\_visibility | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | | pg\_walinspect | 1.1 | 1 | null | null | null | null | null | | pgcrypto | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | | pgrowlocks | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | | pgstattuple | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | | plperl | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | plpgsql | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | pltcl | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | postgres\_fdw | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | refint | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | null | null | null | | seg | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.1 | | sslinfo | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | | tablefunc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | tcn | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | tsm\_system\_rows | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1.1 | | tsm\_system\_time | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1.1 | | unaccent | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | | uuid-ossp | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 |

Aliyun Extensions

阿里云 RDS for PostgreSQL 16 可用扩展（已刨除PG自带扩展） | name | pg16 | pg15 | pg14 | pg13 | pg12 | pg11 | pg10 | |:---------------------|:-----|:-----|:-----|:-----|:-----|:-----|:-----| | bloom | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | btree\_gin | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | | btree\_gist | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | | citext | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.4 | | cube | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.2 | | dblink | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | | dict\_int | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | earthdistance | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | | fuzzystrmatch | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | | hstore | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.4 | | intagg | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | | intarray | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | | isn | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | | ltree | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | | pg\_buffercache | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | | pg\_freespacemap | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | | pg\_prewarm | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | | pg\_stat\_statements | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | | pg\_trgm | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | | pgcrypto | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | | pgrowlocks | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | | pgstattuple | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | | plperl | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | plpgsql | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | pltcl | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | postgres\_fdw | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | sslinfo | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | | tablefunc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | tsm\_system\_rows | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | tsm\_system\_time | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | unaccent | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | | uuid-ossp | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | | xml2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 |

----------- ### Performance | **Metric** | **Pigsty** | **Aliyun RDS** | **AWS RDS** | |------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Best Performance | [PGTPC on NVME SSD evaluation](https://github.com/Vonng/pgtpc/tree/master/sysbench) sysbench oltp_rw | [RDS PG Performance Whitepaper](https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/101470.html) sysbench oltp scenario per-core QPS 4000 ~ 8000 | | | Storage Specs: Maximum Capacity | 32TB / [NVME SSD](https://en.shannon-sys.com/product.html?name=gen_4) | 32 TB / **ESSD PL3** | 64 TB / **io2** [EBS](https://aws.amazon.com/cn/blogs/storage/achieve-higher-database-performance-using-amazon-ebs-io2-block-express-volumes/) Block Express | | Storage Specs: Maximum IOPS | 4K random read: up to 3M, random write 2000~350K | 4K random read: up to 1M | 16K random IOPS: 256K | | Storage Specs: Maximum Latency | 4K random read: 75µs, random write 15µs | 4K random read: 200µs | 500µs / inferred for 16K random IO | | Storage Specs: Maximum Reliability | UBER < 1e-18, equivalent to 18 nines MTBF: 2 million hours 5DWPD, for three years | Reliability 9 nines, equivalent to UBER 1e-9 [Storage and Data Reliability](https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/476273.html) | **Durability**: 99.999%, five nines (0.001% annual failure rate) [io2 details](https://aws.amazon.com/cn/blogs/storage/achieve-higher-database-performance-using-amazon-ebs-io2-block-express-volumes/) | | Storage Specs: Maximum Cost | 31.5 ¥/TB·month ( 5-year warranty amortized / 3.2T / enterprise-grade / MLC ) | 3200¥/TB·month (List price 6400¥, monthly package 4000¥) 3-year prepay total 50% off for this price | 1900 ¥/TB·month for using the maximum specs 65536GB / 256K IOPS maximum discount | ----------- ### Observability Pigsty offers nearly 3000 monitoring metrics, providing over 50 monitoring dashboards, covering database monitoring, host monitoring, connection pool monitoring, load balancing monitoring, etc., offering users an unparalleled observability experience. ![](/img/pigsty/dashboard.jpg) Pigsty offers 638 PostgreSQL-related monitoring metrics, while AWS RDS only has 99, and Aliyun RDS has merely single-digit metrics: ![](/img/docs/compare/aliyun.png) Additionally, there are some projects that offer the capability to monitor PostgreSQL, but they are relatively basic and simplistic: - [pgwatch](https://pgwatch.com/)： 123 Metrics - [pgmonitor](https://github.com/CrunchyData/pgmonitor) ： 156 Metrics - [datadog](https://docs.datadoghq.com/integrations/postgres) ： 69 Metrics - [pgDash](https://pgdash.io/) - [ClusterControl](https://severalnines.com/product/clustercontrol) - [pganalyze](https://pganalyze.com/) - [Aliyun RDS](https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/102748.html) ： 8 Metrics - [AWS RDS](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_Monitoring.OS.html) ： 99 Metrics - [Azure RDS](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/) ----------- ### Maintainability | ** Metric** | **Pigsty** | **Aliyun RDS** | **AWS RDS** | |--------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------| | System Usability | Simple | Simple | Simple | | Configuration Management | Configuration file / CMDB based on Ansible Inventory | Can use Terraform | Can use Terraform | | Change Method | Idempotent playbooks based on Ansible Playbook | Operations via console | Operations via console | | Parameter Tuning | Automatically adapts based on node with four preset templates: OLTP, OLAP, TINY, CRIT | | | | Infra as Code | Native support | Can use Terraform | Can use Terraform | | Customizable Parameters | [Pigsty Parameters](/docs/reference/param/) 283 items | | | | Service and Support | Commercial subscription support available | After-sales ticket support provided | After-sales ticket support provided | | No Internet Deployment | Possible offline installation and deployment | N/A | N/A | | Database Migration | playbooks for zero-downtime migration from existing Postgres into Pigsty | Provides cloud migration assistance [Aliyun RDS Data Synchronization](https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/322179.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.0.0.5fb374c9OOi4Dm) | | ----------- ### Cost Experience shows that the per-unit cost of hardware and software resources for RDS is 5 to 15 times that of self-built solutions, with the rent-to-own ratio typically being one month. For more details, please refer to [Cost Analysis](/docs/reference/cost/). | Factor | **Metric** | **Pigsty** | **Aliyun RDS** | **AWS RDS** | |--------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------------------|------------------------|-------------------------| | Cost | Software License/Service Fees | Free, hardware about 20 - 40 ¥/core·month | 200 ～ 400 ¥/core·month | 400 ~ 1300 ¥/core·month | | | Service Support Fees | Service about 100 ¥/ core·month | Included in RDS costs | | ------------------ ## Other Vendors - [Aiven](https://aiven.io/) - [Percona](https://www.percona.com/software/postgresql-distribution) - [ClusterControl](https://docs.severalnines.com/docs/clustercontrol/) - …… ------------------ ## Kubernetes Operators Pigsty refuse to run database inside kubernetes, but if you wish to do so, there are other options: - PGO - StackGres - CloudNativePG - TemboOperator - PostgresOperator - PerconaOperator - Kubegres - KubeDB - KubeBlocks **Reference**: - 《[DB in K8S: Pros & Cons?](https://pigsty.io/blog/db/db-in-k8s/)》 - 《[PG in Docker: Good or Bad?？](https://pigsty.io/blog/db/pg-in-docker/)》